Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes a backlight unit comprising a light source emitting blue light, a green color conversion material and a red color conversion material, a first polarizer disposed on the backlight unit, a first base substrate disposed on the first polarizer, a thin film transistor disposed on the first base substrate, a second polarizer disposed on the thin film transistor, a first color conversion pattern and a second color conversion pattern disposed on the second polarizer, a first color filter disposed on the first color conversion pattern, a second color filter disposed on the second color conversion pattern, a second base substrate disposed on the first and second color filters, and a third polarizer disposed on the second base substrate and having a polarizing axis same as a polarizing axis of the second polarizer.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/384,721 filed on Apr. 15, 2019, which is acontinuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/823,163filed on Nov. 27, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,281,767), which claimspriority under 35 USC § 119 to Korean Patent Application No.10-2017-0046733, filed on Apr. 11, 2017, the disclosures of which areincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

Example embodiments of the inventive concept relate to a displayapparatus and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus. Moreparticularly, example embodiments of the inventive concept relate to adisplay apparatus including a color conversion layer usingphotoluminescence and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, a display apparatus having light weight and small size hasbeen manufactured. A cathode ray tube (CRT) display apparatus has beenused due to a performance and a competitive price. However the CRTdisplay apparatus may have poor size or portability. Therefore a displayapparatus such as a plasma display apparatus, a liquid crystal displayapparatus and an organic light emitting display apparatus have beenhighly regarded due to their small size, light weight andlow-power-consumption.

The display apparatus may further include a color conversion layer usingphotoluminescence. The color conversion layer may include colorconversion structure for converting color of light such as a quantumdot. A desired color can be imparted to a image by the color conversionlayer. Thus, color reproducibility of the image and the luminousefficiency can be improved, so that the display quality can be improved.However, the above-mentioned display apparatus having the colorconversion layer has a problem in that it is complicated in structure,complicated in the manufacturing process, and high in manufacturingcost.

In addition, the display apparatus including the color conversion layerincludes a ¼ polarizer (quarter wave polarizer) for reducing reflectionof external light. There has been a problem of a loss in transmittanceand an increase in manufacturing cost due to the ¼ polarizer.

SUMMARY

One or more example embodiment of the inventive concept provides adisplay apparatus capable of improving a transmittance, and having asimple structure.

One or more example embodiments of the inventive concept also provide amethod of manufacturing the display apparatus.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, a displayapparatus includes a backlight unit comprising a light source emittingblue light, a green color conversion material and a red color conversionmaterial, a first polarizer disposed on the backlight unit, a first basesubstrate disposed on the first polarizer, a thin film transistordisposed on the first base substrate, a second polarizer disposed on thethin film transistor, a first color conversion pattern and a secondcolor conversion pattern disposed on the second polarizer, a first colorfilter disposed on the first color conversion pattern, a second colorfilter disposed on the second color conversion pattern, a second basesubstrate disposed on the first and second color filters, and a thirdpolarizer disposed on the second base substrate and having a polarizingaxis same as a polarizing axis of the second polarizer.

In an example embodiment, the first color filter may be a red colorfilter. The second color filter may be green color filter. The firstcolor conversion pattern may include the red color conversion material,and the second color conversion pattern may include the green colorconversion material.

In an example embodiment, the red color conversion material may be redquantum dot particles and/or red phosphor, and the green colorconversion material may be green quantum dot particles and/or greenphosphor.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include athird color conversion pattern disposed on the second polarizer andcomprising scattering particles.

In an example embodiment, the third color conversion pattern may furtherinclude blue pigment.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include athird color filter which is a blue color filter disposed on the thirdcolor conversion pattern.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include ablack matrix disposed on the second polarizer. The black matrix may bedisposed between the first, second and third pixel areas to divide eachof the first to third pixel areas. The first color filter and the firstcolor conversion pattern may overlap the first pixel area. The secondcolor filter and the second color conversion pattern may overlap thesecond pixel area. The third color conversion pattern may overlap thethird pixel area.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include ascattering layer disposed under the first and second color conversionpatterns and comprising scattering particles.

In an example embodiment, the red color conversion material and thegreen color conversion material may each contain about 5 to 25 wt % of arespective amount of the red color conversion material and the greencolor conversion material for emitting white light of the backlightunit.

In an example embodiment, the light source of the backlight unit mayhave a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm or less.

In an example embodiment, the second polarizer may be a wire gridpolarizer.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, a displayapparatus includes a backlight unit, a first polarizer disposed on a thebacklight unit, a first base substrate disposed on the first polarizer,first to third thin film transistors disposed on the first basesubstrate, first to third pixel electrodes disposed on the first basesubstrate in first to third pixel areas, respectively, and electricallyconnected to the first to third thin film transistors, respectively, asecond polarizer disposed on the first to third pixel electrodes, ablack matrix disposed on the second polarizer, a first color conversionpattern disposed on the second polarizer in the first pixel area, asecond color conversion pattern disposed on the second polarizer in thesecond pixel area, a first color filter disposed on the first colorconversion pattern, a second color filter disposed on the second colorconversion pattern, a second base substrate disposed on the first andsecond color filters, and a third polarizer disposed on the second basesubstrate and having a polarizing axis same as a polarizing axis of thesecond polarizer.

In an example embodiment, the backlight unit may include a light sourceemitting blue light, a green color conversion material and a red colorconversion material. The first color filter may be a red color filter.The second color filter may be a green color filter. The first colorconversion pattern may include the red color conversion material, andthe second color conversion pattern may include the green colorconversion material. The red color conversion material may be redquantum dot particles and/or red phosphor, and the green colorconversion material may be green quantum dot particles and/or greenphosphor.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include athird color conversion pattern disposed on the second base substrate inthe third pixel area and including scattering particles and bluepigment.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include athird color filter which is a blue color filter disposed on the secondbase substrate in the third pixel area.

In an example embodiment, the red color conversion material and thegreen color conversion material may be each contain about 5 to 25 wt %of a respective amount of the red color conversion material and thegreen color conversion material for emitting white light of thebacklight unit.

In an example embodiment, the light source of the backlight unit mayhave a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm or less.

In an example embodiment, the display apparatus may further include aplanarization layer disposed between the second polarizer and the firstand second color conversion patterns, and a capping layer disposedbetween the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer. The secondpolarizer may be a wire grid polarizer.

According to an example embodiment of the inventive concept, a method ofmanufacturing a display apparatus includes forming a thin filmtransistor on a first base substrate, forming a black matrix on a secondbase substrate, forming a first color filter and a second color filteron the second base substrate on which the black matrix is formed,forming a first color conversion pattern on the first color filter and asecond color conversion pattern on the second color filter, forming ascattering layer on the first and second color conversion patterns,forming a planarization layer on the scattering layer, forming a secondpolarizer which is a wire grid polarizer on the planarization layer,forming a capping layer on the second polarizer, forming a liquidcrystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, andforming a first polarizer on the first substrate, and forming a thirdpolarizer on the second base substrate and having a polarizing axis sameas a polarizing axis of the second polarizer.

In an example embodiment, the method may further include providing abacklight unit comprising a light source emitting blue light, a greencolor conversion material and a red color conversion material. The redcolor conversion material and the green color conversion material mayeach contain about 5 to 25 wt % of a respective amount of the red colorconversion material and the green color conversion material for emittingwhite light of the backlight unit. The first color filter may be a redcolor filter. The second color filter may be a green color filter. Thefirst color conversion pattern may include the red color conversionmaterial, and the second color conversion pattern may include the greencolor conversion material. The light source of the backlight unit mayhave a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm or less.

According to the present inventive concept, a display apparatus includesa backlight unit comprising a light source emitting blue light, a greencolor conversion material and a red color conversion material, a firstpolarizer disposed on the backlight unit, a liquid crystal TFT substratedisposed on the first polarizer and including a liquid crystal layer anda thin film transistor, a second polarizer disposed on the liquidcrystal TFT, a photoluminescence substrate disposed on the secondpolarizer and including a first color conversion pattern and a secondcolor conversion pattern disposed on first and second color filters, anda third polarizer disposed on the second base substrate and having apolarizing axis same as a polarizing axis of the second polarizer.

Accordingly, since the display apparatus does not include a ¼ wavepolarizer to reduce reflection of external light, the transmittance maybe improved, the structure may be simple, and the manufacturing cost maybe reduced. In addition, In addition, the transmittance may be improvedand the reflection of external light may be prevented by the secondpolarizer and the third polarizer which have the same polarizing axis,and by the black matrix absorbing light, comparing to the conventional ¼polarizer.

In addition, a scattering layer may be formed under the first and secondcolor conversion patterns, so that optical efficiency can be improved.

In addition, a blue LED having a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm orless may be used as the light source of the backlight unit and a blueLED having a maximum peak wavelength of 450 nm which is relativelyinexpensive. Thus, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition,since the luminescence efficiency for a short wavelength of a quantumdot is higher than the luminescence efficiency for a long wavelength, sothat the luminous efficiency of the first and second color conversionpatterns and can be improved as the maximum peak wavelength of the lightsource is lower than the conventional one.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and areintended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features of the inventive concept will become moreapparent by describing in detail example embodiments thereof withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a display apparatus according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view briefly illustrating the displayapparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view illustrating color conversion of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 2 in a first pixel area;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view illustrating color conversion of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 2 in a second pixel area;

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view illustrating color conversion of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 2 in a third pixel area;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view briefly illustrating a displayapparatus according to an example embodiment of the inventive concept;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display apparatusaccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display apparatusaccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept;

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, and 7I are cross-sectional viewsillustrating a method of manufacturing the display apparatus of FIG. 5;and

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method ofmanufacturing the display apparatus of FIG. 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, the inventive concept will be explained in detail withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a display apparatus according toan example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 1, the display apparatus may include a display panel10 and a display panel driver. The display panel driver may include atiming controller 20, a gate driver 30, a gamma reference voltagegenerator 40 and a data driver 50. The display apparatus may furtherinclude a backlight unit (BLU of FIG. 2).

The display panel 10 may include a plurality of gate lines GL, aplurality of data lines DL, and a pixel electrodes electricallyconnected to the gate lines GL and the data lines DL, respectively. Thepixel electrodes may include first to third pixel electrodecorresponding to a first pixel area SP1, a second pixel area SP2 and athird pixel area SP3, respectively. Each of the first to third pixelareas may emit different color light. The gate lines GL may extend in afirst direction D1, and the data lines DL may extend in a seconddirection D2 which crosses the first direction D1.

The display panel 10 may include a first substrate including the gatelines, the data lines, the pixel electrodes and the thin filmtransistors are formed thereon, a second substrate facing the firstsubstrate and including a common electrode, and a liquid crystal layerbetween the first substrate and the second substrate.

The structure of the display panel 10 may be explained referring toFIGS. 2 and 3 in detail.

The timing controller 20 may receive input image data IMG and an inputcontrol signal CONT from an external apparatus (not shown). The inputimage data may include red image data, green image data and blue imagedata. The input control signal CONT may include a master clock signaland a data enable signal. The input control signal CONT may furtherinclude a vertical synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizingsignal.

The timing controller 20 may generate a first control signal CONT1, asecond control signal CONT2, a third control signal CONT3 and a datasignal DATA based on the input image data IMG and the input controlsignal CONT.

The timing controller 20 may generate the first control signal CONT1 forcontrolling an operation of the gate driver 30 based on the inputcontrol signal CONT, and outputs the first control signal CONT1 to thegate driver 30. The first control signal CONT1 may further include avertical start signal and a gate clock signal.

The timing controller 20 may generate the second control signal CONT2for controlling an operation of the data driver 50 based on the inputcontrol signal CONT, and outputs the second control signal CONT2 to thedata driver 50. The second control signal CONT2 may include a horizontalstart signal and a load signal.

The timing controller 20 may generate the data signal DATA based on theinput image data IMG. The timing controller 20 may output the datasignal DATA to the data driver 50.

The timing controller 20 may generate the third control signal CONT3 forcontrolling an operation of the gamma reference voltage generator 40based on the input control signal CONT, and output the third controlsignal CONT3 to the gamma reference voltage generator 40.

The gate driver 30 may generate gate signals driving the gate lines GLin response to the first control signal CONT1 received from the timingcontroller 20. The gate driver 30 may sequentially output the gatesignals to the gate lines GL.

The gamma reference voltage generator 40 may generate a gamma referencevoltage VGREF in response to the third control signal CONT3 receivedfrom the timing controller 200. The gamma reference voltage generator 40may provide the gamma reference voltage VGREF to the data driver 50. Thegamma reference voltage VGREF may have a value corresponding to a levelof the data signal DATA.

In an exemplary embodiment, the gamma reference voltage generator 40 maybe disposed in the timing controller 20, or in the data driver 50.

The data driver 50 may receive the second control signal CONT2 and thedata signal DATA from the timing controller 20, and receive the gammareference voltages VGREF from the gamma reference voltage generator 40.The data driver 50 may convert the data signal DATA into data voltageshaving an analog type using the gamma reference voltages VGREF. The datadriver 50 may output the data voltages to the data lines DL.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display apparatus ofFIG. 1

Referring to FIG. 2, the display apparatus may include a backlight unitBLU, a liquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT, and a photoluminescencesubstrate PL and a third polarizer POL3.

The backlight unit BLU may be disposed under the liquid crystal TFTsubstrate LCTFT to provide light to the liquid crystal TFT substrateLCTFT. More particularly, the backlight unit BLU may include a lightsource generating blue light, a red color conversion material and greencolor conversion material. The red color conversion material may be redquantum dot particles and/or red phosphor. The green color conversionmaterial may be green quantum dot particles and/or green phosphor. Here,the red color conversion material and/or red phosphor in the backlightunit BLU may be only about 5 to 25 wt % of a total weight of the redquantum dot particles and/or red phosphor used in a comparative examplefor emitting white light from the backlight unit BLU. In addition, thegreen color conversion material and/or green phosphor may contain onlyabout 5 to 25 wt % of an amount of the green quantum dot particlesand/or green phosphor used in the comparative example for emitting whitelight from the backlight unit BLU. If amounts of the green colorconversion material and the red color conversion material are defined as100 wt % each when the backlight unit BLU, in the comparative example,includes the green color conversion material and the red colorconversion material to emit white light, amounts of the green colorconversion material and the red color conversion material of the presentexample embodiment is about 5 to 25 wt % compared to the comparativeexample.

Thus, the backlight unit BLU may include the light source emitting theblue light, and only a small amount of the red color conversion materialand/or red phosphor and the green color conversion material and/or greenphosphor. Accordingly, the backlight unit BLU may provide sky blue lightto the liquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT.

Here, the light source emitting the blue light may have a maximum peakwavelength of 455 nm (nanometer) or less. For example, the light sourcemay be a blue LED having a maximum peak wavelength of 450 nm.

The liquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT may include a liquid crystalpanel 100 including a liquid crystal layer and a thin film transistor, afirst polarizer POL1 and a second polarizer POL2.

The liquid crystal layer may include liquid crystal molecules havingoptical anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules are driven by electricfield, so that an image is displayed by passing or blocking lightthrough the liquid crystal layer.

The first polarizer POL1 may be disposed between the liquid crystal pane100 and the backlight unit BLU. The first polarizer POL1 may be anabsorbing type polarizing plate such as a general polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) polarizing plate or a reflection type polarizing plate such as awire grid polarizer.

The second polarizer POL2 may be disposed between the liquid crystalpanel 100 and the photoluminescence substrate PL. The second polarizerPOL2 may be an absorbing type polarizing plate such as a generalpolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polarizing plate or a reflection type polarizingplate such as a wire grid polarizer. A polarizing axis of the secondpolarizer POL2 may be perpendicular to a polarizing axis of the firstpolarizer POL1.

The photoluminescence substrate PL may include a second base substrate210, a black matrix BM, a first color filter RCF, a second color filterGCF, a first color conversion pattern R, a second color conversionpattern G, a third color conversion pattern B and a scattering layer220.

The second base substrate 210 may include a transparent insulationsubstrate. For example, the second base substrate 210 may include aglass substrate, a quartz substrate, a transparent resin substrate, etc.Examples of the transparent resin substrate for the second basesubstrate 210 may include polyimide-based resin, acryl-based resin,polyacrylate-based resin, polycarbonate-based resin, polyether-basedresin, sulfonic acid containing resin, polyethyleneterephthalate-basedresin, etc.

The black matrix BM may be disposed on the second base substrate 210.The black matrix BM may include a light blocking material. For example,the black matrix BM may include an organic material that absorbs light.The black matrix BM may be disposed between the first, second, and thirdpixel areas SP1, SP2, and SP3 to divide each of the pixel areas. In someexample embodiment, the black matrix BM may include a metal that blockslight.

The first color filter RCF may be disposed on the second base substrate210 in the first pixel area SP1. The first color filter RCF may be a redcolor filter. The first color filter RCF may pass only a wavelength bandcorresponding to red light of the light passing through the first colorfilter RCF.

The second color filter GCF may be disposed on the second base substrate210 in the second pixel area SP2. The second color filter GCF may be agreen color filter. The second color filter GCF may pass only awavelength band corresponding to green light of the light passingthrough the second color filter GCF.

The first color conversion pattern R may be disposed on the first colorfilter RCF to overlap the first pixel area SP1. The first colorconversion pattern R may be a red color conversion pattern. The firstcolor conversion pattern R may convert the blue light provided from thebacklight unit BLU into red light. For example, the first colorconversion pattern R may include red quantum dot particles and/or redphosphor. Here, the backlight unit BLU includes about 5 to 25 wt % ofthe red quantum dot particles and/or red phosphor, so that the firstcolor conversion pattern R may include the remainder of about 75 to 95wt % of the red quantum dot particles and/or the red phosphors.

The second color conversion pattern G may be disposed on the secondcolor filter GCF to overlap the second pixel area SP2. The second colorconversion pattern G may be a green color conversion pattern. The secondcolor conversion pattern G may convert the blue light provided from thebacklight unit BLU into green light. For example, the second colorconversion pattern G may include green quantum dot particles and/orgreen phosphor. the backlight unit BLU. Here, the backlight unit BLUincludes about 5 to 25 wt % of the green quantum dot particles and/orgreen phosphor, so that the second color conversion pattern G mayinclude the remainder of about 75 to 95 wt % of the green quantum dotparticles and/or the green phosphors.

The red or green quantum dot may be a material that has a nanoscalestructure and may include several hundred to several thousand atoms.Since the quantum dot is very small in size, a quantum confinementeffect may occur. The quantum confinement effect may indicate that anenergy band gap of an object is increased when the object becomessmaller than nano size. When the light having energy higher than that ofthe band gap is incident to the quantum dot, the quantum dot may absorbthe light and may emit a second light having a specific wavelength andan energy level in the ground state. The wavelength of the emittedsecond light may have a value corresponding to the band gap. When a sizeand a composition of the quantum dot are adjusted, the emission propertyof the quantum dot may be controlled by the quantum confinement.

The composition of the quantum dots is not limited to a specificcomposition, and any suitable composition may be used. For example, thequantum dot may be a quantum dot of Group II-VI elements, Group III-Velements, Group IV elements, or Group IV-VI elements. The Group IIelements may be selected from the group consisting of at least one ofzinc, cadmium, and mercury. The Group III elements may be selected fromthe group consisting of at least one of aluminum, gallium, and indium.The Group IV elements may be selected from the group consisting of atleast one of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. The Group V elements maybe selected from the group consisting of at least one of nitrogen,phosphorus, and arsenic. The Group VI elements may be selected from thegroup consisting of at least one of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.

The third color conversion pattern B may be disposed on the second basesubstrate 210 to overlap the third pixel area SP3. The third colorconversion pattern B may include scattering particles that changetraveling direction of light passing therethrough without changingcolor. The scattering particles may be particles of TiO2 or the like.Here, the third color conversion pattern B may include blue pigment forconverting light passing therethrough to blue light, and size of thescattering particle may be similar to size of the red quantum dotparticle or the green quantum dot particle. In addition, the third colorconversion pattern B may further include a blue pigment for convertinglight passing therethrough to blue light. In some example embodiments,the third color conversion pattern B may include blue quantum dotparticles and/or blue phosphor similarly to the first and second colorconversion patterns R and G.

The scattering layer 220 may be disposed on the first to third colorconversion patterns R, G and B. The scattering layer 220 may be disposedcorresponding to entire of the first to third pixel areas SP1 to SP3.The scattering layer 220 may include scattering particles that changetraveling direction of light passing therethrough without changingcolor. The scattering particles may be particles of TiO2 or the like. Insome example embodiment, a planarization layer including an insulatingmaterial and including a flat upper surface may be disposed instead ofthe scattering layer 220.

The third polarizer POL3 may be disposed on the photoluminescencesubstrate PL. Thus, the photoluminescence substrate PL may be disposedbetween the third polarizer POL3 and the liquid crystal TFT substrateLCTFT. The third polarizer POL3 may be a traditional leaner polarizer.For example, the third polarizer POL3 may be an absorbing typepolarizing plate such as a general polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polarizingplate. A polarizing axis of the third polarizer POL3 may be the same asthe polarizing axis of the second polarizer POL2. When the polarizingaxis of the third polarizer POL3 and the polarizing axis of the secondpolarizer POL2 are the same, the light passing through the secondpolarizer POL2 passes through the third polarizer POL3 and thetransmittance can be maximized.

According to the present embodiment, since the display apparatus doesnot include a ¼ wave polarizer to reduce reflection of external light,transmittance may be improved, the structure may be simple, and themanufacturing cost may be reduced. In addition, the transmittance may beimproved and the reflection of external light may be prevented by thesecond polarizer POL2 and the third polarizer POL3 which have the samepolarizing axis, and by the black matrix BM absorbing light, compare tothe conventional ¼ polarizer.

In addition, the scattering layer is formed under the first and secondcolor conversion patterns R and G, so that light efficiency may beincreased.

In addition, a blue light emitting diode (LED) having a maximum peakwavelength of 455 nm or less may be used as the light source of thebacklight unit BLU. A blue LED with a maximum peak wavelength of 450 nm,which is relatively inexpensive, can be used. Thus, the manufacturingcost can be reduced. In addition, since the luminescence efficiency fora short wavelength of a quantum dot is higher than the luminescenceefficiency for a long wavelength, the luminous efficiency of the firstand second color conversion patterns R and G can be improved as themaximum peak wavelength of the light source is lower that of theconventional light source.

Although the pixel electrodes of the display apparatus are formed on thelower substrate and the common electrodes are formed on the uppersubstrate in this embodiment, the structure of the display apparatus isnot limited thereto. For example, the common electrode and the pixelelectrode may be formed on the lower substrate or have different shapesdepending on the mode of the liquid crystal TFT substrate of the displayapparatus.

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view illustrating color conversion of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 2 in a first pixel area.

Referring to FIGS. 3A and 2, the display apparatus may emit red light inthe first pixel area SP1. Light generated in the backlight unit BLU mayinclude a blue component BLUE, a small amount of green component GREEN,and a small amount of red component RED. The light passes through theliquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT and can be converted into polarizedblue light, polarized green light and polarized red light. The polarizedblue light, the polarized green light and the polarized red light passesthrough the photoluminescence substrate PL and can be converted intonon-polarized red light from the blue light component generated in thebacklight unit BLU and non-polarized red light from the small amount ofred light component generated in the backlight unit BLU. And then, thenon-polarized red light passes through the third polarizing element POL3and may be finally emitted as polarized red light.

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view illustrating color conversion of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 2 in a second pixel area.

Referring to FIGS. 3B and 2, the display apparatus may emit green lightin the second pixel area SP2. Light generated in the backlight unit BLUmay include a blue component BLUE, a small amount of green componentGREEN, and a small amount of red component RED. The light passes throughthe liquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT and can be converted intopolarized blue light, polarized green light and polarized red light. Thepolarized blue light, the polarized green light and the polarized redlight passes through the photoluminescence substrate PL and can beconverted into non-polarized green light from the blue light componentgenerated in the backlight unit BLU and non-polarized green light fromthe small amount of green light component generated in the backlightunit BLU. And then, the non-polarized green light passes through thethird polarizing element POL3 and may be finally emitted as polarizedgreen light.

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view illustrating color conversion of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 2 in a third pixel area.

Referring to FIGS. 3C and 2, the display apparatus may emit blue lightin the third pixel area SP3. Light generated in the backlight unit BLUmay include a blue component BLUE, a small amount of green componentGREEN, and a small amount of red component RED. The light passes throughthe liquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT and can be converted intopolarized blue light, polarized green light and polarized red light. Thepolarized blue light, the polarized green light and the polarized redlight passes through the photoluminescence substrate PL and can beconverted into non-polarized blue light from the blue light componentgenerated in the backlight unit BLU. And then, the non-polarized bluelight passes through the third polarizing element POL3 and may befinally emitted as polarized blue light.

Accordingly, even if the backlight unit BLU emits sky blue light, it ispossible to emit red light, green light and blue light in the first,second and third pixel regions SP1, SP2 and SP3, respectively.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view briefly illustrating a displayapparatus according to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 4, the display apparatus may be substantially the sameas the display apparatus of FIG. 2 except that the display apparatusfurther includes a third color filter BCF instead of blue pigment of thethird color conversion pattern B. Thus, any further detaileddescriptions concerning the same elements will be omitted or brieflydescribed.

The display apparatus may include a backlight unit BLU, a liquid crystalTFT substrate LCTFT, and a photoluminescence substrate PL and a thirdpolarizer POL3.

The backlight unit BLU may be disposed under the liquid crystal TFTsubstrate LCTFT to provide sky blue light to the liquid crystal TFTsubstrate LCTFT. The liquid crystal TFT substrate LCTFT may include aliquid crystal panel 100 including a liquid crystal layer and a thinfilm transistor, a first polarizer POL1 and a second polarizer POL2.

The photoluminescence substrate PL may include a second base substrate210, a black matrix BM, a first color filter RCF, a second color filterGCF, a third color filter BCF, a first color conversion pattern R, asecond color conversion pattern G, a third color conversion pattern Band a scattering layer 220.

The third color filter BCF may be disposed on the second substrate 210in a third pixel area SP3. The third color filter BCF may be a bluecolor filter. The third color filter BCF may pass only a wavelength bandcorresponding to blue light of the light passing through the third colorfilter BCF.

The third color conversion pattern B third color conversion pattern Bmay be disposed on the second base substrate 210 in a third pixel areaSP3. The third color conversion pattern B may include scatteringparticles that change traveling direction of light passing therethroughwithout changing color. The scattering particles may be particles ofTiO2 or the like, and a size of the scattering particle may be similarto size of red quantum dot particle or green quantum dot particle. Thus,the third color conversion pattern B may include the same material asthe scattering layer 220. In some example embodiments, the third colorconversion pattern B may include blue quantum dot particles and/or bluephosphor.

Although the third color conversion pattern B and the scattering layer220 are formed as separate layers in the present example embodiment,since the third color conversion pattern B and the scattering layer 220include the same material, it is also possible to form one layer throughone process in another example embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display apparatusaccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 5, the display apparatus may include a backlight unitBLU, a first base substrate 110, a first polarizer POL1, a gate pattern,a first insulation layer 120, a data pattern, a second insulation layer130, first to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3, a liquid crystallayer LC, a second base substrate 210, a black matrix BM, a first colorfilter RCF, a second color filter GCF, a first color conversion patternR, a second color conversion pattern G, a third color conversion patternB, a scattering layer 220, a planarization layer 230, a second polarizerPOL2, a capping layer 240, a common electrode CE, and a third polarizerPOL3.

The backlight unit BLU may be substantially the same as the backlightunit of FIG. 2.

The first base substrate 110 may include a transparent insulationsubstrate. For example, the first base substrate 110 may include a glasssubstrate, a quartz substrate, a transparent resin substrate, etc.Examples of the transparent resin substrate for the first base substrate110 may include polyimide-based resin, acryl-based resin,polyacrylate-based resin, polycarbonate-based resin, polyether-basedresin, sulfonic acid containing resin, polyethyleneterephthalate-basedresin, etc.

The first polarizer POL1 may be disposed under the first base substrate110. Thus, the first polarizer POL1 may be disposed between the firstbase substrate 110 and the backlight unit BLU. The first polarizer POL1may be substantially the same as the second polarizer POL2 of FIG. 2.The first polarizer POL1 may be an absorbing type polarizing plate suchas a general polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polarizing plate which is attachedon the first base substrate 110. In some example embodiment, the firstpolarizer POL1 may be a reflection type polarizing plate such as a wiregrid polarizer which is formed on the first base substrate 110. Here,the first polarizer POL1 may be formed between the first base substrate110 and the liquid crystal layer LC.

The gate pattern may be formed on the first base substrate 110. The gatepattern may include a first gate electrode GE1, a second gate electrode,a third gate electrode, and a signal line for transmitting signals fordriving the display apparatus such as a gate line. The gate pattern mayinclude metal. For example, the gate pattern may include copper (Cu),titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), tungsten(W), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), platinum Ta), neodymium (Nd), scandium(Sc), etc. In addition, the gate pattern may include a plurality ofmetal layers. Although not shown, a buffer layer may be further formedbetween the gate pattern and the first base substrate 110.

The first insulation layer 120 may be disposed on the first basesubstrate 110 on which the gate pattern is disposed. The firstinsulation layer 120 may include an inorganic material such as siliconcompound, metal oxide, etc. For example, the first insulation layer 120may be formed using silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx),silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), aluminum oxide (AlOx), tantalum oxide(TaOx), hafnium oxide (HfOx), zirconium oxide (ZrOx), titanium oxide(TiOx), etc. These may be used alone or in a combination thereof. Insome example embodiment, the first insulation layer 120 may have asubstantially planar top surface while sufficiently covering the gatepattern. In some example embodiment, the first insulation layer 120 maybe formed with a substantially uniform thickness on the first basesubstrate 110 along a profile of the gate pattern. In this case, thefirst insulation layer 120 may have a relatively thin thickness, and astepped portion adjacent to the gate pattern may be formed in the firstinsulation layer 120.

An active layer including a first active pattern ACT1, a second activepattern and a third active pattern may be formed on the first insulationlayer 110. The first active pattern ACT1, the second active pattern andthe third active pattern may overlap the first gate electrode GE1, thesecond gate electrode, and the third gate electrode. Each of the firstactive pattern ACT1, the second active pattern and the third activepattern may include a semiconductor layer consisting of amorphoussilicon (a-Si:H) and an ohmic contact layer consisting of n+ amorphoussilicon (n+ a-Si:H).

The data pattern may be disposed on an active pattern layer. The datapattern may be disposed on the active pattern. The data pattern mayinclude a first source electrode SE1, a first drain electrode DE1, asecond source electrode, a third source electrode and a signal line fortransmitting signals for driving the display apparatus such as a dataline. The data pattern may include metal. For example, the data patternmay include copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al),silver (Ag), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), platinum Ta),neodymium (Nd), scandium (Sc), etc. In addition, the data pattern mayinclude a plurality of metal layers.

The second insulation layer 130 may be disposed on the first insulationlayer 120 on which the data pattern is disposed. The second insulationlayer 130 may include an organic insulation material or an inorganicinsulation material. In some example embodiment, the second insulationlayer 130 may have a substantially planar top surface while sufficientlycovering the data pattern. In some example embodiment, the secondinsulation layer 130 may be formed with a substantially uniformthickness on the first insulation layer 120 on which the data pattern isdisposed.

The first gate electrode GE1, the first active pattern ACT1, the firstsource electrode SE1 and the first drain electrode DE1 may be includedin a first thin film transistor TFT1. The second gate electrode, thesecond active pattern, the second source electrode and the second drainelectrode may be included in a second thin film transistor TFT2. Thethird gate electrode, the third active pattern, the third sourceelectrode and the third drain electrode may be included in a third thinfilm transistor TFT3.

The first to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3 may be disposed onthe second insulation layer 130. The first pixel electrode PE1 may beelectrically connected to the first drain electrode DE1 of the firstthin film transistor TFT1 through a contact hole formed through thesecond insulation layer 130. The second pixel electrode PE2 may beelectrically connected to the second drain electrode of the second thinfilm transistor TFT2 through a contact hole formed through the secondinsulation layer 130. The third pixel electrode PE3 may be electricallyconnected to the third drain electrode of the third thin film transistorTFT3 through a contact hole formed through the second insulation layer130. The first to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3 may include atransparent conductive material. For example, the first to third pixelelectrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indiumzinc oxide (IZO), etc.

The second base substrate 210, the black matrix BM, the first colorfilter RCF, the second color filter GCF, the first color conversionpattern R, the second color conversion pattern G, the third colorconversion pattern B, and the scattering layer 220 may be substantiallythe same as the second base substrate, the black matrix, the first colorfilter, the second color filter, the first color conversion pattern, thesecond color conversion pattern, the third color conversion pattern, andthe scattering layer of the photoluminescence substrate of FIG. 2.

The planarization layer 230 may be disposed on the scattering layer 220.The planarization layer 230 may have a flat top surface and may includeinorganic or organic insulation material.

The second polarizer POL2 may be disposed on the planarization layer230. The second polarizer POL2 may be substantially the same as thesecond polarizer of FIG. 2. The second polarizer POL2 may be a wire gridpolarizer. The wire grid polarizer may include a plurality of fine linesextending in one direction and formed at uniform intervals to form awire grid. The fine lines may have pitch of about 50 nm (nanometers) to150 nm. The pitch may be defined as sum of width of one of the fine lineand a distance between fine lines disposed adjacent to each other.

The capping layer 240 may be disposed on the wire gird polarizer, sothat the capping layer 240 may cap the wire grid polarizer. The cappinglayer 240 may include organic or inorganic insulation material.

The common electrode CE may be disposed on the capping layer 240. Acommon voltage may be applied to the common electrode CE. The commonelectrode CE may include a transparent conductive material. For example,the common electrode CE may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zincoxide (IZO) and etc.

The third polarizer POL3 may be disposed on the second base substrate210. The third polarizer POL3 may be substantially the same as the thirdpolarizer of FIG. 2. The third polarizer POL3 may be an absorbing typepolarizing plate such as a general polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polarizingplate attached on the second base substrate 210.

The liquid crystal layer LC may between the first to third pixelelectrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3 and the common electrode CE. The liquidcrystal layer LC may include liquid crystal molecules having opticalanisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules are driven by electric field,so that an image is displayed by passing or blocking light through theliquid crystal layer LC.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display apparatusaccording to an example embodiment of the inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 6, the display apparatus may be substantially same asthe display apparatus of FIG. 5 except that the display apparatusfurther includes a third color filter BCF instead of blue pigment of thethird color conversion pattern B. Thus, any further detaileddescriptions concerning the same elements will be omitted or brieflydescribed.

The display apparatus may include a backlight unit BLU, a first basesubstrate 110, a first polarizer POL1, a gate pattern, a firstinsulation layer 120, a data pattern, a second insulation layer 130,first to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3, a liquid crystal layerLC, a second base substrate 210, a black matrix BM, a first color filterRCF, a second color filter GCF, a third color filter BCF, a first colorconversion pattern R, a second color conversion pattern G, a third colorconversion pattern B, a scattering layer 220, a planarization layer 230,a second polarizer POL2, a capping layer 240, a common electrode CE, anda third polarizer POL3.

The backlight unit BLU, the first base substrate 110, the firstpolarizer POL1, the gate pattern, the first insulation layer 120, thedata pattern, the second insulation layer 130, the first to third pixelelectrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3, and the liquid crystal layer LC, theplanarization layer 230, the second polarizer POL2, the capping layer240, the common electrode CE, and the third polarizer POL3 may besubstantially the same as the backlight unit, the first base substrate,the first polarizer, the gate pattern, the first insulation layer, thedata pattern, the second insulation layer, the first to third pixelelectrodes, and the liquid crystal layer, the planarization layer, thesecond polarizer, the capping layer, the common electrode, and the thirdpolarizer of the display apparatus of FIG. 4.

The second base substrate 210, the black matrix BM, the first colorfilter RCF, the second color filter GCF, the third color filter BCF, thefirst color conversion pattern R, the second color conversion pattern G,the third color conversion pattern B and the scattering layer 220 may besubstantially the same as the second base substrate, the black matrix,the first color filter, the second color filter, the third color filter,the first color conversion pattern, the second color conversion pattern,the third color conversion pattern and the scattering layer of thedisplay apparatus of FIG. 4.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, and 7I are cross-sectional viewsillustrating a method of manufacturing the display apparatus of FIG. 5.

Referring to FIG. 7A, a black matrix BM may be formed in a second basesubstrate 210. For example, the black matrix BM may be formed by forminga photoresist layer on the second base substrate 210, exposing anddeveloping the photoresist layer.

Referring to FIG. 7B, a first color filter RCF and a second color filterGCF may be formed on the second base substrate 210 on which the blackmatrix BM is formed. For example, the first color filter RCF may beformed by coating a photoresist material containing red pigment and/orscattering particles on the second base substrate 210, exposing anddeveloping the photoresist material. The second color filter GCF may beformed by coating a photoresist material containing green pigment and/orscattering particles on the second base substrate 210, exposing anddeveloping the photoresist material.

Referring to FIG. 7C, a first color conversion pattern R may be formedon the first color filter RCF. For example, the first color conversionpattern R may be formed by coating a photoresist material containing redquantum dot particles and/or red phosphor on the first color filter RCF,exposing and developing the photoresist material.

A second color conversion pattern G may be formed on the second colorfilter GCF. For example, the second color conversion pattern G may beformed by coating a photoresist material containing green quantum dotparticles and/or green phosphor on the second color filter GCF, exposingand developing the photoresist material.

A third color conversion pattern B may be formed on the second basesubstrate 210. For example, the third color conversion pattern B may beformed by coating a photoresist material containing blue pigment and/orscattering particles on the second base substrate 210, exposing anddeveloping the photoresist material.

Referring to FIG. 7D, a scattering later 220 may be formed on the firstto third color conversion patterns R, G and B. For example, thescattering later 220 be formed by coating a photoresist materialcontaining scattering particles on the first to third color conversionpatterns R, G and B, exposing and developing the photoresist material.

Referring to FIG. 7E, a planarization layer 230 may be formed on thescattering later 220. For example, the planarization layer 230 may beobtained by a spin coating process, a chemical vapor deposition process,a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, a high densityplasma-chemical vapor deposition process, or the like, depending onconstituent materials of the planarization layer 230.

A second polarizer POL2 may be formed on the planarization layer 230.The second polarizer POL2 may be a wire grid polarizer. The wire gridpolarizer may be formed by forming a metal layer on the planarizationlayer 230 and then using a nano-imprint lithography method.

A capping layer 240 may be formed on the second polarizer POL2. Thecapping layer 240 may be obtained by a spin coating process, a chemicalvapor deposition process, a plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositionprocess, a high density plasma-chemical vapor deposition process, or thelike, depending on constituent materials of the capping layer 240.

Referring to FIG. 7F, a common electrode CE may be formed on the cappinglayer 240. For example, the common electrode may be formed by a printingprocess, a sputtering process, a chemical vapor deposition process, apulsed laser deposition process, a vacuum evaporation process, an atomiclayer deposition process, and etc

Referring to FIG. 7G, a third polarizing element POL3 may be formed on aopposite side of one surface of the second base substrate 210 on whichthe black matrix BM is formed. For example, a general polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) polarizing plate may be attached on the second base substrate 210to form the third polarizing element POL3.

Referring to FIG. 7H, a backlight unit BLU may be provided. Thebacklight unit BLU may sky blue light by including a light source thatgenerates blue light, a red color conversion material, and a green colorconversion material. For example, the backlight unit BLU may include ablue LED chip and an encapsulant in which red and green quantum dotparticles and/or phosphors are dispersed and encapsulates the blue LEDchip. In some example embodiment, the backlight unit BLU may include ablue LED chip and an encapsulant in which the yellow phosphor isdispersed. In some example embodiments, the backlight unit may include ablue LED chip and a quantum dot sheet disposed on the blue LED.

A gate pattern may be formed on a first base substrate 100. A firstinsulation layer 120 may be formed on the gate pattern. An activepattern and a data pattern may be formed on the first insulation layer120. A second insulation layer 130 may be formed on the data pattern.First to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3 may be formed on thesecond insulation layer 130. The above elements can be formed by aconventional method.

Referring to FIG. 7I, a liquid crystal layer LC may be formed betweenthe first to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2, and PE3 and the commonelectrode CE. The liquid crystal layer LC can be formed by aconventional method. Accordingly, the display apparatus may bemanufactured.

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method ofmanufacturing the display apparatus of FIG. 6. The method ofmanufacturing the display apparatus may be substantially the same asthat of FIGS. 7A to 7I, except that the method further includes forminga third color filter BCF instead of blue pigment of the third colorconversion pattern B. Thus, any further detailed descriptions concerningthe same elements will be omitted

Referring to FIG. 8A, a black matrix BM may be formed on a secondsubstrate 210, a first color filter RCF, a second color filter GCF and athird color filter BCF may be formed on the second base substrate 210 onwhich the black matrix BM is formed. The third color filter BCF may beformed by coating a photoresist material containing blue pigment and/orscattering particles on the second base substrate 210, exposing anddeveloping the photoresist material.

Referring to FIG. 8B, a first color conversion pattern R, a second colorconversion pattern G and a third color conversion pattern B may beformed. The third color conversion pattern B may be formed by coating aphotoresist material containing blue quantum dot particles and/or bluephosphor on the third color filter BCF, exposing and developing thephotoresist material. And then, a scattering later 220 may be formed onthe first to third color conversion patterns R, G and B.

Referring to FIG. 8C, a planarization layer 230, a second polarizerPOL2, a capping layer 240, a common electrode CE, a third polarizerPOL3, a first base substrate 110, a gate pattern, a first insulationlayer 120, an active layer, a data pattern, a second insulation layer130, first to third pixel electrodes PE1, PE2 and PE3, a liquid crystallayer LC, a backlight unit BLU may be formed. Accordingly, the displayapparatus may be manufactured.

According to the present inventive concept, a display apparatus includesa backlight unit comprising a light source emitting blue light, a greencolor conversion material and a red color conversion material, a firstpolarizer disposed on the backlight unit, a liquid crystal TFT substratedisposed on the first polarizer and including a liquid crystal layer anda thin film transistor, a second polarizer disposed on the liquidcrystal TFT, a photoluminescence substrate disposed on the secondpolarizer and including a first color conversion pattern and a secondcolor conversion pattern disposed on first and second color filters, anda third polarizer disposed on the second base substrate and having apolarizing axis same as a polarizing axis of the second polarizer.

Accordingly, since the display apparatus does not include a ¼ wavepolarizer to reduce reflection of external light, the transmittance maybe improved, the structure may be simple, and the manufacturing cost maybe reduced. In addition, In addition, the transmittance may be improvedand the reflection of external light may be prevented by the secondpolarizer and the third polarizer which have the same polarizing axis,and by the black matrix absorbing light, comparing to the conventional ¼polarizer.

In addition, a scattering layer may be formed under the first and secondcolor conversion patterns, so that optical efficiency can be improved.

In addition, a blue LED having a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm orless may be used as the light source of the backlight unit and a blueLED having a maximum peak wavelength of 450 nm which is relativelyinexpensive. Thus, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition,since the luminescence efficiency for a short wavelength of a quantumdot is higher than the luminescence efficiency for a long wavelength, sothat the luminous efficiency of the first and second color conversionpatterns and can be improved as the maximum peak wavelength of the lightsource is lower than the conventional one.

The foregoing is illustrative of the inventive concept and is not to beconstrued as limiting thereof. Although a few example embodiments of theinventive concept have been described, those skilled in the art willreadily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exampleembodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings andadvantages of the inventive concept. Accordingly, all such modificationsare intended to be included within the scope of the inventive concept asdefined in the claims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses areintended to cover the structures described herein as performing therecited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalentstructures. Therefore, it is to be understood that the foregoing isillustrative of the inventive concept and is not to be construed aslimited to the specific example embodiments disclosed, and thatmodifications to the disclosed example embodiments, as well as otherexample embodiments, are intended to be included within the scope of theappended claims. The inventive concept is defined by the followingclaims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display apparatus, comprising: a light emittingdiode including a first light emitting unit and a second light emittingunit; a first color conversion pattern and a second color conversionpattern over the light emitting diode; a first color filter over thefirst color conversion pattern; and a second color filter disposed overthe second color conversion pattern, wherein the first light emittingunit emits light having a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm or less, andwherein the second light emitting unit emits light having a wavelengthgreater than or equal to the maximum peak wavelength.
 2. The displayapparatus of claim 1, wherein the second light emitting unit is disposedover the first light emitting unit.
 3. The display apparatus of claim 2,wherein light emitted from the first light emitting unit transmits thesecond light emitting unit.
 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe light emitting diode emits light having a maximum peak wavelength of455 nm or less.
 5. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the firstcolor filter is a red color filter, the second color filter is greencolor filter, and the first color conversion pattern comprises the redcolor conversion material and the second color conversion patterncomprises the green color conversion material.
 6. The display apparatusof claim 5, wherein the red color conversion material is red quantum dotparticles or red phosphor, and the green color conversion material isgreen quantum dot particles or green phosphor.
 7. The display apparatusof claim 6, further comprising a third color conversion pattern over thelight emitting diode and comprising scattering particles.
 8. The displayapparatus of claim 7, wherein the third color conversion pattern furthercomprises blue pigment.
 9. The display apparatus of claim 7, furthercomprising a third color filter which is a blue color filter disposed onthe third color conversion pattern.
 10. The display apparatus of claim7, further comprising: a black matrix disposed between the first colorfilter and the second color filter, wherein the black matrix is disposedbetween the first, second and third pixel areas to divide each of thefirst to third pixel areas, the first color filter and the first colorconversion pattern overlap the first pixel area, the second color filterand the second color conversion pattern overlap the second pixel area,and the third color conversion pattern overlaps the third pixel area.11. The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a scatteringlayer disposed under the first and second color conversion patterns andcomprising scattering particles.
 12. The display apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a second base substrate disposed on the first andsecond color filters.
 13. A display apparatus comprising first to thirdpixel areas, comprising: a light emitting diode including a first lightemitting unit and a second light emitting unit; first to third pixelelectrodes in the first to third pixel areas, respectively; first tothird thin film transistors electrically connected to the first to thirdpixel electrodes, respectively; a first color conversion pattern overthe light emitting diode in the first pixel area; a second colorconversion pattern over the light emitting diode in the second pixelarea; a first color filter disposed on the first color conversionpattern; and a second color filter disposed on the second colorconversion pattern, wherein the first light emitting unit emits lighthaving a maximum peak wavelength of 455 nm or less, and wherein thesecond light emitting unit emits light having a wavelength greater thanor equal to the maximum peak wavelength.
 14. The display apparatus ofclaim 13, wherein the second light emitting unit is disposed over thefirst light emitting unit.
 15. The display apparatus of claim 14,wherein light emitted from the first light emitting unit transmits thesecond light emitting unit.
 16. The display apparatus of claim 13,wherein the light emitting diode emits light having a maximum peakwavelength of 455 nm or less.
 17. The display apparatus of claim 13,wherein the first color filter is a red color filter, the second colorfilter is a green color filter, the first color conversion patterncomprises red color conversion material, and the second color conversionpattern comprises green color conversion material, the red colorconversion material is red quantum dot particles or red phosphor, andthe green color conversion material is green quantum dot particles orgreen phosphor.
 18. The display apparatus of claim 13, furthercomprising a third color conversion pattern over the light emittingdiode in the third pixel area and comprising scattering particles andblue pigment.
 19. The display apparatus of claim 13, further comprisinga third color filter which is a blue color filter over the lightemitting diode in the third pixel area.
 20. The display apparatus ofclaim 13, further comprising: a second base substrate over the first andsecond color filters.